Recently had an issue where the SCCM Clients were not sending their hardware inventory to SCCM. Once upon a time it was.
The best way to view the logs is using the SCCM Tool – CMTrace.
More information can be found here:
CMTrace is found on the SCCM server under:
<SCCM Server>\SMS_<SITENAME>\Tools\cmtrace.exe
On the client double click on CMTrace and set as default log viewer.
NP – in version 1806 CMTrace is installed on the client and can be found under %WinDir%\CCM\CMTrace.exe.
Open the log file.
Click CTRL + L on CMTrace.

Enter the error code, in this case its 8004100E, and click Lookup.

In this case, the error is to do with the WMI > Invalid Namespace. That helps narrow down the issue.